Benzene, Cancer, and Leukemia

The Department of Health and Human Services recognizes benzene as a carcinogen that can cause leukemia in people who are exposed to it. Adverse health effects are possible even if a person only comes in contact with small amounts of benzene, although the risk rises significantly with greater exposure. Because benzene is known to be potentially dangerous, both the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) monitor levels of benzene. The EPA regulates benzene levels in the air and water, while OSHA focuses on protecting workers.

Does working with benzene cause leukemia?

According to OSHA, the occurrence of leukemia among workers who are regularly exposed to benzene is higher than among the general population. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and organs. Estimates suggest that people who work with benzene are anywhere from twice to ten times as likely to develop leukemia. In addition, people who live near industrial plants that use benzene have an increased chance of developing leukemia. Clusters of leukemia cases sometimes occur among workers or families with long-term exposure to benzene.

Who else is at risk for benzene-related illness?

Because any contact with a carcinogenic substance increases a person's chance of developing cancer, even people with low to moderate levels of benzene exposure can be at risk for leukemia. Many people are exposed to benzene because it is released into the environment from automobile exhaust, manufacturing plants, and landfills. The EPA has worked to lower the levels of benzene in the air and water, believing that all exposure constitutes an increased risk of disease.

• Benzene Associated Diseases
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